Tim & Teresa were married in Pratt, KS May 1982, moving to Larned in May 1986. Through careful attention to what women made of the land they owned, we can better understand gender and power in a settler colonialist society.Tim attended Pittsburg State University on a track scholarship, graduating in December 1979, with a BBA, majoring in Finance.Ĭommissioned as a Field Artillery Officer in the U.S Army in December 1979, Tim fulfilled his service requirement in the Army National Guard, retiring with rank of Major in March 2000. Using cases spanning the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, we explore landholding from the perspectives of Dakota and Scandinavian immigrant women on the northern Plains and African American women in the South. ![]() Ownership enabled them to cultivate land to support the family, rent it out for income, and exercise the leverage it provided them throughout their lives. Native American, African American, and immigrant women obtained land in a variety of ways: allotment, purchase, homesteading, and inheritance. The ownership of land shapes the resources that women and men can differentially obtain, control, and utilize. Access to productive property is especially important to women in marginalized, subjugated, or newly arrived racial-ethnic groups. In rural societies, equity in land is key to women’s position, much as wage labor is in urban, industrial society. “From Breadbasket to Dust Bowl” contextualizes the agricultural reforms of the 1910s, and demonstrates the expansive impact of this new form of federal aid to agriculture on the rural economy and American public policy into the 21st century. The federal land banks contributed substantially to the mechanization and consolidation of American agriculture, and to the problem of surplus that has defined farm policy since the 1920s. The economic imbalance of production cycles during the 1920s led to repeated calls for government intervention in commodity markets, and eventually to the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act, which implemented the production control policies that have dominated U.S. The high yields and increased cultivation of the postwar years forced farmers to further maximize production, even as surpluses drove prices down. Using the financing provided under the Federal Farm Loan Act, Great Plains farmers were able to consolidate and mechanize their farms, and thus respond to the call to “plant more wheat” during the war years, thereby creating the unprecedented grain surpluses that paved the way for decades of overproduction. government launched into the mortgage market, and provided the essential start-up capital for farmers in historically undercapitalized regions, thus reshaping the form and scale of American agriculture. This article adds the critical element of economic causality to the story of the Great Plains Plow-Up, arguing that federal credit policy, in the form of the 1916 Federal Farm Loan Act, created the financial mechanism for the pattern of surplus production that has challenged farmers and agricultural policymakers since the end of World War I. ![]() What they have missed, however, is the impact of the first government-sponsored enterprise, the federal land banks, and the role of government-seeded credit in radically shifting the farm mortgage market and production patterns in this region after 1917. Numerous scholars have surveyed the creation of a vulnerable agricultural landscape on the Great Plains during the years surrounding World War I, and especially the alterations to the landscape of crop production that precipitated the 1930s Dust Bowl.
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